the reader to say how much in common there is between this and the
lecture given in the preceding chapter, beyond the fact that both
touch upon unconscious actions. The extract which will form my next
chapter is only about a thirtieth part of the entire "Philosophy of
the Unconscious," but it will, I believe, suffice to substantiate the
justice of what Mr. Sully has said in the passages above quoted.

As regards the accuracy of the translation, I have submitted all
passages about which I was in the least doubtful to the same
gentleman who revised my translation of Professor Hering's lecture; I
have also given the German wherever I thought the reader might be
glad to see it.



CHAPTER VIII



Translation of the chapter on "The Unconscious in Instinct," from Von
Hartmann's "Philosophy of the Unconscious."

Von Hartmann's chapter on instinct is as follows:-

Instinct is action taken in pursuance of a purpose but without
conscious perception of what the purpose is. {92a}

A purposive action, with consciousness of the purpose and where the
course taken is the result of deliberation is not said to be
instinctive; nor yet, again, is blind aimless action, such as