military map--Treaties--Ancient theory _of_ juvenile education
for office--Invention of new-written script 827 B.C.--Patriarchal rule
inconsistent with enlightenment--Unification of script, weights, measures,
and axle-breadths by the First August Emperor Further invention of script
and first dictionary--Facility of Chinese writing for reading purposes--
Chinese now in a state of flux.

CHAPTER XVIII

_TREATIES AND VOWS_

Treaties and imprecations--Smearing with blood of victims--
Squabble _re_ precedence in the treaty-making--Shuh Niang's
philosophy--Confucius' tampering with history condoned--Care of
Chinese in preserving first-hand evidence--Emperor ignored by
treaty-makers--Form of a treaty, with imprecation--Mesne lords and
their vassals--Negotiations and references for instructions--
Ts'u's first protectorate in 538--Ts'u's difficulty with Wu--The
Six Families of Tsin--Sacrificing cocks as sanction to vows--
Drawing human blood as sanction--Pigs for the same purpose--Kwan-
tsz's honourable behaviour in keeping treaty--Confucius not so
honourable: instances given--Casuistry backed up by a proverb.

CHAPTER XIX

_CONFUCIUS AND LITERATURE_

Life-time of Confucius--Secret of his influence--Visit of the Wu
prince to Confucius' state--Lu's "powerful" family plague--Lu's
position between Tsin and Ts'u influences--Ts'i studies the ritual