arrested, bound, imprisoned, and expelled his kinsman, his guest, and
(by the Treaty of Fontainebleau) his ally.

Applause and pity from the fickle and forgetful the Prince had won,
but his condition was now desperate. Refusing to accept a pension
from France, he was poor; his jewels he had pawned for the Scottish
expedition. He had disobeyed his father's commands and mortally
offended Louis by refusing to leave France. His adherents in Paris
(as their letters to Rome prove) were in despair. His party, as has
been shown, was broken up into hostile camps. Lochiel was dead.
Lord George Murray had been insulted and estranged. The Earl
Marischal had declined Charles's invitation to manage his affairs
(1747). Elcho was a persistent and infuriated dun. Clancarty was
reviling Charles, James, Louis, England, and the world at large.
Madame de Pompadour, Cardinal Tencin, and de Puysieux were all
hostile. The English Jacobites, though loyal, were timid. Europe
was hermetically sealed against the Prince. Refuge in Fribourg,
where the English threatened the town, Charles had refused. Not a
single shelter was open to him, for England's policy was to drive him
into the dominions of the Pope, where he would be distant and
despised. Of advisers he had only such attached friends as Henry
Goring, Bulkeley, Harrington, or such distrusted boon companions as
Kelly--against whom the English Jacobites set all wheels in motion.
Charles's refuge at Avignon even was menaced by English threats
directed at the Pope. The Prince tried to amuse himself; he went to
dances, he introduced boxing matches, {41a} just as years before he
had brought golf into Italy. But his position was untenable, and he
disappeared.

From the gossip of d'Argenson we have learned that Charles was no