commenting on the climate of the Islands, declared, with considerable
acumen, that Europeans could stand life and work here if they observed
continence in regard to the use of alcoholic beverages.

3. See Morga's "Report of conditions in the Philippines (June 8,
1598)" in Blair and Robertson vol. 10. pp. 75-80, in which various
abuses of the friars are set forth. This should be compared with the
following pages of the same relation (pp. 89-90) on secular affairs,
from which it will be recognized that the condition was not so much
the resultant of one class as of Spanish national character. Cf. also,
Anda y Salazar B. and R, vol. 50, pp. 137-190; and Le Gentil, Voyage
(Paris, 1779-81), vol. 1, pp. 183-191. It would be hardly fair
not to call to mind that the Filipinos are debtors to the friars in
many ways, and the Filipinos themselves should be the last to forget
this. For a good exposition from the friar point of view, see Zamora,
Las Corporaciones-Religiosas en Filipinas: Valladolid, 1901.

See also Mallat, Les Philippines (Paris, 1846), vol. 1, pp. 374-389.

4. The history of the Philippines is full of references to Chinese
who came here for the reasons assigned by Rizal. The antiquarian
will be interested in consulting a small work entitled Notes on
the Malay Archipelago and Malacca, compiled from Chinese sources,
by W. P. Groeneveldt.

5 See B. and R., vol 34, pp. 183-191 for a description of the
early Chinese trade in the Philippines, also translated by Hirth from
Chinese sources, but evidently not the same as referred to by Rizal,

6. This citation is translated directly from the original Italian