[4] Alberto de Cordoba, an excellent engineer, surveyed the Harbor of
San Francisco in 1813, at the request of Governor Borica.

[5] A Catholic devotion in honor of Our Saviour's Passion.



Chapter V



California Passes From Spanish to Mexican Rule, Secularization of the
Missions



Amidst the beauty and glory of Spain's dominion in California, while the
gold emblazoned banners of Castile and Leon floated proudly under azure
skies, while the Spanish governors, officers and colonists were doing
honor and credit to their ancient race, and the saintly missionaries
were working marvels for the souls and bodies of the aborigines of the
land, while Spain was thus lending "her beauty and her chivalry" to
California; Mexico, forgetting her old debt to Spain, when she explored
her then heathen shores, had revolted against Spanish rule and set up an
empire of her own, making Augustin Iturbide, a man of half Indian blood
her Emperor. Immediately Mexico claimed California, as well as Texas,
Arizona and New Mexico as a portion of her empire, although the people