them. The other provinces, called Senatorial, were governed by
Proconsuls appointed by the Senate. These were at this time Sicily,
Africa, Achaia (Greece), Macedonia, Asia (Minor), Hispania Ulterior,
and Gallia Narbonensis.

The city government now included all Italy. In this Augustus was
assisted by three _Praefects_; one in charge of the corn supplies,
a second in charge of the city proper, and a third in charge of his body
guard of nine thousand men, called the PRAETORIAN GUARD. These
Praefects soon overshadowed all the regular magistrates, and through
them Augustus reigned supreme.

The Roman Empire at this time included all the countries bordering on
the Mediterranean, extending east to the Parthian kingdom (the Upper
Euphrátes) and the Arabian Desert, south to the Desert of Sahara, and
west to the Atlantic Ocean. On the north the boundary was unsettled,
and subject to inroads of barbarians. In the early part of his reign
Augustus joined to the Empire a new province, Moesia, comprising the
territory along the Lower Danube, and making nineteen in all.

Augustus next devoted himself to the task of conquering the territory
between the Lower Rhine and Moesia, which was occupied by hardy
mountaineers whose resistance was likely to be stubborn. His two step-
sons, Drusus and Tiberius, were in charge of this important work. They
were so successful as to acquire enough territory to form two new
provinces, Rhaetia and Noricum (15 B.C.).

Tiberius also conquered the valley of the Save, and made it the
province of Pannonia (Western Hungary), 10 B.C.