subjection without constant and expensive military operations. The
people occupying the new conquests were hardy and warlike, scattered
over a country easy of defence, and certain to strive constantly
against a foreign yoke.

Hadrian displayed constant activity in travelling over the Empire, to
overlook personally its administration and protection. He visited
Britain, where he crushed the inroads of the Caledonians and built a
fortified line of works, known as the PICTS' WALL, extending from sea
to sea. The remains of this great work are still to be seen,
corresponding nearly to the modern boundary between England and
Scotland. He also visited the East, where the Jews were making serious
trouble, and completed their overthrow.

On his return to the city, the Emperor devoted himself to its
adornment. Several of his works, more or less complete, still remain.
The most famous of these is the MAUSOLÉUM (Tomb) OF HADRIAN, now known
as the Castle of San Angelo.

Hadrian was afflicted with bad health, suffering much from diseases
from which he could find no relief. On account of this, and to secure
a proper succession, he associated with himself in the government
TITUS AURELIUS ANTONÍNUS, and required him to adopt Marcus Annius
Verus and Lucius Verus. In 138, soon after this arrangement was made,
Hadrian died, leaving the Empire to Titus.


TITUS AURELIUS ANTONÍNUS PIUS (138-161).

ANTONÍNUS, a native of Gaul, was fifty-two years old when he succeeded