Constans was satisfied with a life of indolence and dissipation.
Constans was murdered in 350, and his brother was sole Emperor. He
died ten years later, and was succeeded by his cousin, Julian (360-
363)

JULIAN was a good soldier, and a man calculated to win the love and
respect of all. But he attempted to restore the old religion, and thus
gained for himself the epithet of APOSTATE. The Christians, however,
had too firm a hold on the state to admit of their powers being
shaken. The failure of Julian precluded any similar attempt afterward.
After a reign of three years, he was killed in an expedition against
the Persians. His successor, JOVIAN (363-364), who was chosen by the
army, died after a reign of only seven months.

VALENTINIAN and VALENS (364-375). After a brief interregnum, the
throne was bestowed on Valentinian, who associated with himself his
brother Valens. The Empire was divided. Valens took the East, with
Constantinople as his capital. Valentinian took the West, making MILAN
the seat of his government. So completely had Rome fallen from her
ancient position, that it is very doubtful if this monarch ever
visited the city during his reign. [Footnote: Since the building of
Constantinople no Emperor had lived in Rome. She had ceased to be
mistress even of the West, and rapidly fell to the rank of a
provincial city.] He died during a campaign on the Danube. His son
GRATIAN (375-383) succeeded him. He discouraged Paganism, and under
him Christianity made rapid strides. His uncle Valens was slain in a
battle against the Goths; but so completely were the Eastern and
Western Empires now separated, that Gratian did not attempt to make
himself sole ruler, but appointed THEODOSIUS to the empty throne.
Gratian, like so many of his predecessors, was murdered. His