SOUTHERN ITALY included APULIA and CALABRIA on the Adriatic, LUCANIA
and BRUTTUM on the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Apulia is the most level of the countries south of the Rubicon. Its
only stream is the Aufidus, on the bank of which at Cannae was fought
a famous battle. Arpi, Asculum, and Canusium are interior towns.

In Calabria (or Iapygia) were the cities of Brundisium and Tarentum.

The chief towns in Lucania and Bruttium were settled by the Greeks.
Among them were Heracléa, Metapontum, Sybaris, and Thurii, in Lucania;
and Croton, Locri, and Rhegium, in Bruttium.

The islands near Italy were important. SICILY, with an area of about
10,000 square miles, and triangular in shape, was often called by the
poets TRINACRIA (with three promontories). The island contained many
important cities, most of which were of Greek origin. Among these were
Syracuse, Agrigentum, Messána, Catana, Camarína, Gela, Selínus, Egesta
(or Segesta), Panormus, Leontíni, and Enna. There are many mountains,
the chief of which is Aetna.

SARDINIA is nearly as large as Sicily. CORSICA is considerably
smaller. ILVA (Elba) is between Corsica and the mainland. IGILIUM is
off Etruria; CAPREAE is in the Bay of Naples; STRONGYLE (Strombóli)
and LIPARA are north of Sicily, and the AEGÁTES INSULAE are west of
it.