men alike took up arms even the slaves were promised freedom if they
would join the ranks.

Hannibal marched from Cannae into Campania. He induced Capua, the
second city of Italy, to side with him. But his expectations that
other cities would follow her example were not fulfilled. He went into
winter quarters here (215-214). The Capuans, notorious for their
luxurious and effeminate habits, are said to have injured his
soldiers. But Hannibal's superiority as a general is unquestionable,
and his want of success after this was due to insufficient aid from
home, and to the fact that the resources of Rome were greater than
those of Carthage. The Latin allies of Rome had remained true to their
allegiance, and only one city of importance was under his control. It
was an easy matter to conquer the enemy in open battle, but to support
his own army was more difficult, for all Italy had been devastated. On
the other hand, the Romans were well supplied with food from their
possessions in Sicily.

Hannibal saw, therefore, that more active measures than those already
employed were necessary. He sent to Carthage an appeal for aid. He
formed an alliance with Philip V. of Macedonia, and earnestly urged
Hasdrubal Baroa, his lieutenant in Spain, to come to his assistance.
He hoped, with this army from the north, with supplies and
reinforcements from Carthage, and with such troops as he might obtain
from Macedonia, to concentrate a large force at Rome and compel her
into submission.

The Romans, realizing the position of Hannibal, kept what forces they
could spare in Spain, under the two Scipio brothers, Publius and
Gnaeus. With these they hoped to stop reinforcements from reaching the