Nouns and pronouns denoting possession may generally be changed to
equivalent phrases; as, _Arnold's treason_ = _the treason of Arnold_. Here
the preposition _of_ indicates _possession_, the same relation expressed by
the apostrophe (') and _s_. Change the following possessive nouns to
equivalent phrases, and the phrases indicating possession to possessive
nouns, and then expand the expressions into complete sentences.

+Model+.--The _earth's_ surface. The surface _of the earth_ is made up of
land and water.

The earth's surface: Solomon's temple; England's Queen; Washington's
Farewell Address; Dr. Kane's Explorations; Peter's wife's mother; George's
friend's father; Shakespeare's plays; Noah's dove; the diameter of the
earth; the daughter of Jephthah; the invasion of Burgoyne; the voyage of
Cabot; the Armada of Philip; the attraction of the earth; the light of the
moon.

Find for the things mentioned below, _other_ names which shall describe or
explain them. Add such names to these nouns, and then expand the
expressions into complete sentences.

+Model+.--_Ink_.--_Ink, a dark fluid_, is used in writing.

Observe the following rule.

+COMMA-RULE.--An _Explanatory Modifier_, when it does not restrict the
modified term or combine closely with it, is set off by the comma+.

+To the Teacher+.--See Notes, pp. 176, 177.