reaper's and thresher's toil, and the baker's sweat, is to be counted
into the bread we eat; the labour of those who broke the oxen, who digged
and wrought the iron and stones, who felled and framed the timber
employed about the plough, mill, oven, or any other utensils, which are a
vast number, requisite to this corn, from its being feed to be sown to
its being made bread, must all be charged on the account of labour, and
received as an effect of that: nature and the earth furnished only the
almost worthless materials, as in themselves. It would be a strange
catalogue of things, that industry provided and made use of, about every
loaf of bread, before it came to our use, if we could trace them; iron,
wood, leather, bark, timber, stone, bricks, coals, lime, cloth, dying
drugs, pitch, tar, masts, ropes, and all the materials made use of in the
ship, that brought any of the commodities made use of by any of the
workmen, to any part of the work; all which it would be almost
impossible, at least too long, to reckon up.
Sec. 44. From all which it is evident, that though the things of
nature are given in common, yet man, by being master of himself, and
proprietor of his own person, and the actions or labour of it, had still
in himself the great foundation of property; and that, which made up the
great part of what he applied to the support or comfort of his being,
when invention and arts had improved the conveniencies of life, was
perfectly his own, and did not belong in common to others.
Sec. 45. Thus labour, in the beginning, gave a right of property,
wherever any one was pleased to employ it upon what was common, which
remained a long while the far greater part, and is yet more than mankind
makes use of. Men, at first, for the most part, contented themselves
with what unassisted nature offered to their necessities: and though
afterwards, in some parts of the world, (where the increase of people and
stock, with the use of money, had made land scarce, and so of some value)
the several communities settled the bounds of their distinct territories,