THE INTERROGATIVE TEMPORAL ADVERB

123. The interrogative temporal adverb, related to the interrogative
pronoun "kiu", is "kiam", when, at what time?

Kiam li sercxos min? When will he look for me?
Oni miras kiam li venos, they wonder when he is coming (will come).
Kiam falis tiuj gutoj da pluvo? When did those drops of rain fall?


THE PERFECT TENSE.

124. The compound tense formed by using the past active participle
with the present tense of "esti" is called the "perfect tense". It
differs from the aoristic past tense (35) and from the imperfect (113)
by expressing an act or condition as definitely completed or perfected.
The conjugation of "vidi" in the perfect tense is as follows:

mi estas vidinta, I have seen (I am having-seen).
vi estas vidinta, you have seen (you are having-seen).
li (sxi, gxi) estas vidinta, he (she, it) has seen (is having-seen).
ni estas vidintaj, we have seen (we are having-seen).
vi estas vidintaj, you have seen (you are having-seen).
ili estas vidintaj, they have seen (they are having-seen).


THE PREPOSITION "CXE".

125. The general situation of a person, object or action is expressed by