happiest results; but preparations must be promptly made for another
campaign. A hope was expressed of the general continuance of
tranquility in Europe, but that it was thought advisable to increase
the defensive resources at home.

The addresses to the speech were in the usual form, but amendments were
moved in both houses of parliament; in the Commons by Lord John
Cavendish and in the Lords by the Marquis of Rockingham. After an
animated debate the amendment was rejected, in the House of Commons by
242 against 87, and in the Lords by 91 against 26. During the session
of parliament some other attempts were made for adopting conciliatory
measures, but the influence of ministry was so powerful that they were
all completely defeated, and the plans of administration received the
approbation and support of parliament.

During the winter (1776-1777), which was very severe, the British
troops at Brunswick and Amboy were kept on constant duty and suffered
considerable privations. The Americans were vigilant and active, and
the British army could seldom procure provisions or forage without
fighting. But although in the course of the winter the affairs of the
United States had begun to wear a more promising aspect, yet there were
still many friends of royalty in the provinces. By their open
attachment to the British interest, numbers had already exposed
themselves to the hostility of the patriotic party; and others, from
affection to Britain or distrust of the American cause, gave their
countenance and aid to General Howe. Early in the season a considerable
number of these men joined the royal army, and were embodied under the
direction of the Commander-in-Chief with the same pay as the regular
troops, besides the promise of an allotment of land at the close of the
disturbances. Governor Tryon, who had been extremely active in engaging