The Esperanto Teacher - A Simple Course for Non-Grammarians by Helen Fryer
page 113 of 277 (40%)
page 113 of 277 (40%)
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People who find a difficulty in the use of the article need not at first
use it at all. (2) SUBSTANTIVES have the termination "o". To form the plural the termination "j" is added. There are only two cases: nominative and accusative; the latter is obtained from the nominative by the addition of the termination "n". Other cases are expressed by the aid of prepositions (the genitive by "de", the dative by "al", the ablative by "per", or other prepositions according to sense). (3) The ADJECTIVE ends in "a". Case and number as with the substantive. The Comparative is made by means of the word "pli", the Superlative by "plej"; with the Comparative the conjunction "ol" is used. (4) The fundamental NUMERALS (they are not declined) are: "unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naux, dek, cent, mil." The tens and hundreds are formed by simple junction of the numerals. To mark the ordinal numerals the termination of the adjective is added; for the multiple--the suffix "obl", for the fractional--"on", for the collective--"op", for the distributive--the word "po". Substantival and adverbial numerals can also be used. (5) Personal PRONOUNS: "mi, vi, li, sxi, gxi" (referring to thing or animal), "si, ni, vi, ili, oni"; the possessive pronouns are formed by the addition of the adjectival termination. Declension is as with the substantives. (6) The VERB undergoes no change with regard to person or number. Forms of the verb; time "being" (Present) takes the termination "-as;" time "been" (Past) "-is"; time "about to be" (Future) "-os"; the Conditional |
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