anstataux : instead of. po : at the rate of.
antaux : before. pro : for (cause), owing to.
cxe : at, with. preter : past, beyond, by.
cxirkaux : about, around. spite : in despite of.
krom : besides, except. sub : under.
malgraux : notwithstanding,
in spite of.

The prepositions "anstataux", "antaux" ("ol"), and "por" are also used
before Infinitive verbs, as "anstataux diri", instead of saying (to
say); "antaux ol paroli", before speaking; "por lerni", in order to
learn.

In Esperanto all the prepositions except "je" have a definite meaning,
and care must be taken to use the one which conveys the exact sense.
The same word cannot be used for "with" in the two sentences "He went
with his father" and "He cut it with a knife," or for "about" in "He
spoke about his child" and "They stood about the stove." In the first
example "with" his father is "kun", in company with, Li iris "kun"
sia patro, and "with" a knife is "per", by means of, Li trancxis gxin
"per" trancxilo. "About," in "about his child," is "pri," concerning,
Li parolis "pri" sia infano, but "about," in "about the stove," is
"cxirkaux," around, Ili staris "cxirkaux" la forno.

When we cannot decide which is the correct preposition to use in any
case, we may use "je," the only preposition which has no special meaning
of its own, or the preposition may be left out altogether, and "n"
added to the noun or pronoun, provided that no want of clearness ensue
(see Lesson 27), as Mi ridas "pro" lia naiveco, or, Mi ridas "je" lia
naiveco, or, Mi ridas lian "naivecon", I laugh at his simplicity.