carefully attended to by the citizens, who were all interested in his
situation and extreme youth. That same evening the congress determined
to quit the city: a vast number of the inhabitants deserted their own
hearths--whole families, abandoning their possessions, and uncertain
of the future, took refuge in the mountains. M. de Lafayette was
carried to Bristol in a boat; he there saw the fugitive congress, who
only assembled again on the other side of the Susquehannah; he was
himself conducted to Bethlehem, a Moravian establishment, where the
mild religion of the brotherhood, the community of fortune, education,
and interests, amongst that large and simple family, formed a striking
contrast to scenes of blood, and the convulsions occasioned by a civil
war.

After the Brandywine defeat, the two armies maneouvered along the
banks of the Schuylkill. General Washington still remained on a height
above the enemy, and completely out of his reach; nor had they again
an opportunity of cutting him off. Waine, an American brigadier, was
detached to observe the English; but, being surprised during the
night, near the White-Horse, by General Grey, he lost there the
greatest part of his corps. At length Howe crossed the Schuylkill at
Swede's Ford, and Lord Cornwallis entered Philadelphia.

In spite of the declaration of independence of the New States,
everything there bore the appearance of a civil war. The names of Whig
and Tory distinguished the republicans and royalists; the English army
was still called the _regular troops_; the British sovereign was
always designated by the name of the king. Provinces, towns, and
families were divided by the violence of party spirit: brothers,
officers in the two opposing armies, meeting by chance in their
father's house, have seized their arms to fight with each other.