numbers of the same species in the same period, no new species can
arise. Such general changes do not occur.

8. Natural selection could not make use of initial slight
changes. "What would be the advantage of the first few hairs of a
mammal, or the first steps toward feathers in a bird, when these
creatures were beginning to diverge from their reptilian ancestors?"

9. Even if Darwinism should explain the _survival_ of the
fittest, it does not explain the _arrival_ of the fittest, which
is far more important.

10. Darwin says, "I am convinced that natural selection has been the
most important but not the exclusive means of modification." Many
scientists think it of very little importance, and that it is not
true.

11. "The fluctuating variations of Darwinism are _quantitative_,
or plus and minus variations; whereas, the differences between species
are _qualitative_." Growth and development in one species does
not produce a new species, which must be of a different kind. Miles
Darden, of Tenn., was 90 inches tall, and weighed 1000 pounds, but
remained a member of the human species, though he was as high and
heavy as a horse. So did the giant Posius, over 10 feet tall, who
lived in the days of Augustus.

12. "There is a growing skepticism on the part of biologists as to the
extreme fierceness of the struggle for existence and of the consequent
rigor of selection." Overproduction and shortage of space and food
might sometime be a factor of importance, but has it been so in the