species is now transmuted into another, no new species arises. Is not
this proof enough that such great changes never occurred?

Moreover, if dead matter caused one living germ, why did it not cause
more? If some reptiles developed into mammals, and birds, why not all?
If one family of simians became human, why not others? Why not at
least become anthropoids? Why did all other members of the simian
family not become at least part human? Why have they remained
stationary?

Besides, we have with us yet the invertebrates that have not yet
become vertebrates; marine animals that have not become amphibians;
amphibians that have not become reptiles; reptiles that have become
neither mammals nor birds, and a multitude of simians that have not
become human, and are not moving toward man either in bodily form or
intelligence or spirituality. We have the one-celled amoeba, the
microscopic animals, and the lowest forms of animal life. If the great
law of progress and advancement to higher forms has prevailed for so
many million years, there should be none but the highest species. All
should have reached the status of human beings and there should be
none of the lower forms of life which are so abundant. Changes so
radical and vast, stretching through so many ages, would require
millions of connecting links. If reptiles became hairy mammals, we
would expect fossils of thousands, if not millions, in the transition
state. If some reptiles were changed into the 12,000 species of birds,
we would expect countless fossils, part reptile, part bird. Only one
is claimed, the archaeopteryx (ancient bird), two specimens of which
are known, which had a feathered tail, and which is only a slight
modification of other birds. Many other birds have departed farther
from the normal. There should be millions of fossils in the transition