2. Male with black cheek stripe. 2. Male with red cheek stripe.

3. Adult female with no 3. Adult female with usually
cheek stripe. brown cheek stripe.

4. A scarlet nuchal crescent 4. No nuchal crescent in
in both sexes. either sex.

5. Throat and fore-neck brown. 5. Throat and fore-neck grey.

6. Top of head and hind-neck grey. 6. Top of head and hind-neck brown.

7. General tone of plumage 7. General tone of plumage
olivaceous. rufescent.


_C. auratus_ occurs all over Canada, and the United States, from the north
to Galveston; westwards it extends to Alaska and the Pacific coast to the
northern border of British Columbia. _C. cafer_ in comparatively pure form
occupies Mexico, Arizona, California, part of Nevada, Utah, Oregon, and is
bounded on the east by a line drawn from the Pacific south of Washington
State, south and eastward through Colorado to the mouth of the Rio Grande
on the Gulf of Mexico. Between the two areas thus roughly defined is a
tract of country about 300 to 400 miles wide, which contains some normal
birds of each type, but chiefly birds exhibiting irregular mixtures of the
characters of both. Bateson remarks that some naturalists may be disposed
once more to appeal to our ignorance, and suggest that if we only knew
more we should find that the yellow quills, the black 'moustache,' and the
red nuchal crescent specially adapt _auratus_ to the conditions of the
northern and eastern region, while the red quills, red moustache, and