written whole books and yet without adequately explaining it,
one truly recognizes that the Rabbis undoubtedly spoke through
divine inspiration. This saying is found among their
precepts, and is, 'Let all thy deeds be done in the name of
God.'" See Gorfinkle, _The Eight Chapters_, p. 73.

(43) This prayer consists of three portions of the Pentateuch
(Deut. VI, 4-9; XI, 13-21; Num. XV, 37-41), and gets its name
from the initial word of the first portion. It is appointed
to be read twice daily, in the morning and in the evening. On
the time when the _Shema_ is to be read, see _Berachot_ I, 1.
See Schurer, _History_, II, ii, 77, 83, _et seq._;
Friedlander, _Jewish Religion_, pp. 430, 435; _Jewish
Encyclopedia_, art. _Shema_, and Adler, in the _Jewish Review_
(London, 1910), vol. I, number 2, p. 159.

(44) An important part of the ritual said at the daily
morning, afternoon, and evening service, and also at the
additional service on Sabbaths and holy days, is known as (1)
_Tefillah_ (prayer)_, or (2) _Shemoneh Esreh_ (eighteen), or
(3) _Amidah_ (standing). It is known as _Tefillah_ because it
is considered the prayer _par excellence;_ as _Shemoneh Esreh_
because originally it consisted of eighteen prayers (now
nineteen); and as _Amidah_ (by Sephardic Jews) because it must
be said standing. The _Shema_ and the _Shemoneh Esreh_ have
been appropriately styled the "two pillars of the fabric of
the liturgy." See Schurer, _ibid._; Friedlander, _ibid._, pp.
430, 437; in the _Jewish Encyclopedia, art. _Shemoneh Esreh_;
Schechter, _Studies_, II, pp. 67068; Adler, _ibid._, p. 159;
and Herford, _ibid._, pp. 298-299.