(21) He lived about the middle of the second century C.E. He
was a pupil of R. Ishmael (verse 9).

12. R. Meir (22) said, "Lessen thy toil for worldly goods, and be busy
in the _Torah_; be humble of spirit before all men; if thou neglectest
the _Torah_, many causes for neglecting it will be present themselves
to thee, but if thou laborest in the _Torah_, He has abundant
recompense to give thee."

(22) See chapter III, n. 32.

13. R. Elieser (23), the son of Jacob, said, "He who does one precept
has gotten himself one advocate; and he who commits one transgression
has gotten himself one accuser. Repentance and good deeds are as a
shield against punishment."

(23) He lived about 140 C.E.

14. R. Jochanan, the sandal-maker (24), said, "Every assembly which is
in the Name of Heaven will in the end be established, but that which
is not in the Name of Heaven will not in the end be established."

(24) Most of the Rabbis believed with Rabban Gamaliel that the
study of the _Torah_ without employment brings transgression
(chapter II, 2). Consequently, each invariably followed some
vocation. Hillel, the senior, gained his livelihood as a
wood-chopper; Shammai was a builder; R. Joshua, a blacksmith;
R. Chanina, a shoemaker; R. Huna, a water-carrier; R. Abba, a
tailor; R. Pappa, a brewer, etc. Other Rabbis whose names
indicate their trades, as R. Jochanan ha-Sandalar (lived about