explorer and discoverer, in Scotland. In A.D. 83 he passed beyond the Frith
and fought a great battle with the Caledonians near Stirling. The Roman
entrenchments still remaining in Fife and Angus were thrown up by him.
In 84 he fought another battle on the Grampians, and sent his fleet to
circumnavigate Britain. The Roman vessels at all events for the first time
entered the Pentland Frith; examined the Orkney islands, and perhaps gained
a glimpse of the Shetlands.

It was interesting to tread the soil where the childhood was passed of a
man who left such permanent marks in Britain, and to whom we are indebted
for our first knowledge of Scotland.




CHAPTER IV.

MARSEILLES.


The three islands Phoenice, Phila, Iturium--Marseilles first a Phoenician
colony--The tariff of fees exacted by the priests of Baal--The arrival
of the Ionians--The legend of Protis and Gyptis--Second colony of
Ionians--The voyages of Pytheas and Euthymenes--Capture of Marseilles
by Trebonius--Position of the Greek city--The Acropolis--Greek
inscriptions--The lady who never "jawed" her husband--The tomb of the
sailor-boy--Hotel des Negociants--Menu--Entry of the President of
the Republic--Entry of Francis I.--The church of S. Vincent--The
Cathedral--Notre Dame de la Garde--The abbey of S. Victor--Catacombs--The
fable of S. Lazarus.