progress or development than in the art of war. {48} In the first place, I
am told that in those days the Spartans and all our other enemies would
invade us for four or five months--during, that is, the actual summer--and
would damage Attica with infantry and citizen-troops, and then return home
again. And so old-fashioned were the men of that day--nay rather, such
true citizens--that no one ever purchased any object from another for
money, but their warfare was of a legitimate and open kind. {49} But now,
as I am sure you see, most of our losses are the result of treachery, and
no issue is decided by open conflict or battle; while you are told that it
is not because he leads a column of heavy infantry[n] that Philip can
march wherever he chooses, but because he has attached to himself a force
of light infantry, cavalry, archers, mercenaries, and similar troops. {50}
And whenever, with such advantages,[n] he falls upon a State which is
disordered within, and in their distrust of one another no one goes out in
defence of its territory, he brings up his engines and besieges them. I
pass over the fact that summer and winter are alike to him--that there is
no close season during which he suspends operations. {51} But if you all
know these things and take due account of them, you surely must not let
the war pass into Attica, nor be dashed from your seat through looking
back to the simplicity of those old hostilities with Sparta. You must
guard against him, at the greatest possible distance, both by political
measures and by preparations; you must prevent his stirring from home,
instead of grappling with him at close quarters in a struggle to the
death. {52} For, men of Athens, we have many natural advantages for a
war,[n] if we are willing to do our duty. There is the character of his
country, much of which we can harry and damage, and a thousand other
things. But for a pitched battle he is in better training than we.

{53} Nor have you only to recognize these facts, and to resist him by
actual operations of war. You must also by reasoned judgement and of set