THE PRE-CHRISTIAN CROSS IN AFRICA 183
CHAPTER XVIII.
EVIDENCE OF TROY 187
CHAPTER XIX.
EVIDENCE OF CYPRUS 193
CHAPTER XX.
MISCELLANEOUS EVIDENCE 204
CHAPTER XI.
SUMMARY 214



THE NON-CHRISTIAN CROSS.
------------------------

CHAPTER I.
WAS THE _STAUROS_ OF JESUS CROSS-SHAPED?

In the thousand and one works supplied for our information upon matters
connected with the history of our race, we are told that Alexander the
Great, Titus, and various Greek, Roman, and Oriental rulers of ancient
days, "crucified" this or that person; or that they "crucified" so many
at once, or during their reign. And the instrument of execution is
called a "cross."

The natural result is that we imagine that all the people said to have
been "crucified" were executed by being nailed or otherwise affixed to
a cross-shaped instrument set in the ground, like that to be seen in
our fanciful illustrations of the execution of Jesus.