Sec. 4. NORMAL ASSOCIATIONAL TENDENCIES


The normal subjects gave, on the average. 6.8 per cent of individual
reactions, 1.5 per cent of doubtful ones, and 91.7 cent of common
ones. The range of variation was rather wide, a considerable number of
subjects giving no individual reactions at all, while a few gave over
30 per cent.[1]

[Footnote 1: In the study of the reactions furnished by our normal
subjects it was possible to analyze the record of any subject only by
removing it from the mass of material which forms our tables, and
using as the standard of comparison the reactions of the remaining 999
subjects.]

In order to determine the influence of age, sex, and education upon
the tendency to give reactions of various values, we have selected
three groups of subjects for special study: (1) one hundred persons of
collegiate or professional education; (2) one hundred persons of
common school education, employed in one of the State hospitals as
attendants, but not as trained nurses; and (3) seventy-eight children
under sixteen years of age. The reactions given by these subjects have
been classified according to frequency of occurrence into seven
groups: (a) individual reactions (value 0); (b) doubtful reactions
(value +-); (c) reactions given by one other person (value 0.1 per
cent); (d) those given by from two to five others (value 0.2--0.5 per
cent); (e) those given by from six to fifteen others (value 0.6-1.5
per cent); (f) those given by from sixteen to one hundred others