σϑαι.

§ 55. In the Participles the stem ends in ντ in the act. forms,
(except the Perf. act. and mid., which have ότ;) the rest take
μεν, (Perf. pass, μέν.) These latter are [masc. and neut.] of
the second declension, the others of the third.

§ 56. Verbs in μι insert σ before the final ι of the 3d
pers. sing. Pres. Indic. act., and vary in a few other terminations,
chiefly by contraction.



LESSON V.

VERBS--Continued.


§ 57. The root of every _primitive_ verb is a monosyllable,
consisting of a short vowel (α, ε, ι, ο, or υ) between two
(usually simple) consonants. Sometimes one or the other of the latter
has been dropped far back in the etymology. This root is most readily
found in the 1st Fut., subject only to euphonic changes. The 2d
Aor. always has a monosyllabic root, with a single vowel never long;
but this may be somewhat different from the true root. Primitive verbs
only have a 2d Aor.

§ 58. The Pres. and Imperf. commonly _strengthen_ the root,
either by adding a hard consonant, (sometimes more than one,) or
(oftener) by changing the root vowel into the corresponding long one