or diphthong.

§ 59. The following tenses add certain _characteristic_ letters
to the root:--

1st Fut. and 1st Aor. act. and mid.,
(of verbs not liquid,) and 3d Fut. ο
1st Aor. pass. ϑ
1st Fut. pass. ϑησ
2d Fut. pass. ηο
2d (in liquid verbs 1st) Fut. act. and mid. ε
Perf. and Pluperf. Act. of pure and liquid verbs κ
Perf. and pluperf. act. ending in a pi- or kappa-mute (῾)

§ 60. Tenses expressing _past time_ (Imperf. and Aorists Indic.)
prefix ε ("syllabic _augment") to the root; this coalesces with
an initial vowel ("temporal augment") into the corresponding long
vowel or diphthong. The Perf., Pluperf., and 3d Fut. not only do the
same throughout the moods, but also prefix to the _syllabic_
augment the initial consonant of the root ("reduplication") when this
is a simple consonant or a mute followed by a liquid. The
Pluperf. prefixes a second syllabic augment to the reduplication.

§ 61. Initial ρ, (which is doubled after the syllabic augment,)
βλ, γλ, and γν, do not, except in a few cases, allow the
reduplication. Verbs compounded with a preposition generally take the
augment, etc., between it and the primitive. A few other
irregularities occur.

§ 62. Verbs are classified in conjugation according to the radical