not enjoy liberty, but are absolutely enslaved to those who have
votes."--Benjamin Franklin.

"No such phrase as virtual representation was ever known in law or
constitution."--James Otis.

"But these great cities, says my honorable friend, are virtually, though
not directly represented. Are not the wishes of Manchester, he asks, as
much consulted as those of any other town which sends members to
Parliament? Now, sir, I do not understand how a power which is salutary
when exercised virtually can be noxious when exercised directly. If the
wishes of Manchester have as much weight with us as they would have
under a system which gives representatives to Manchester, how can there
be any danger in giving representatives to Manchester?"--Lord
Macaulay's Speech on the Reform Bill.

"Universal suffrage prolongs in the United States the effect of
universal education: for it stimulates all citizens throughout their
lives to reflect on problems outside the narrow circle of their private
interests and occupations: to read about public questions; to discuss
public characters and to hold themselves ready in some degree to give a
rational account of their political faith."--Dr. Charles Eliot.

"But liberty is not the chief and constant object of their (the American
people) desires: equality is their idol; they make rapid and sudden
efforts to obtain liberty and if they miss their aim, resign themselves
to their disappointment; but nothing can satisfy them without equality,
and they would rather perish than lose it."--De Tocqueville: Democracy
in America, 1835.