freedom,[11] and his hand the firmest hold.

[9] i.e. "below the knee"; "shin and calf."

[10] Lit. "pulled up" (and arranged the folds of his mantle).

[11] {eustalestatos}, "the most business-like deportment."

As to reins, we recommend those which are well balanced, without being
weak or slippery or thick, so that when necessary, the hand which
holds them can also grasp a spear.

As soon as the rider gives the signal to the horse to start,[12] he
should begin at a walking pace, which will tend to allay his
excitement. If the horse is inclined to droop his head, the reins
should be held pretty high; or somewhat low, if he is disposed to
carry his head high. This will set off the horse's bearing to the best
advantage. Presently, as he falls into a natural trot,[13] he will
gradually relax his limbs without the slightest suffering, and so come
more agreeably to the gallop.[14] Since, too, the preference is given
to starting on the left foot, it will best conduce to that lead if,
while the horse is still trotting, the signal to gallop should be
given at the instant of making a step with his right foot.[15] As he
is on the point of lifting his left foot he will start upon it, and
while turning left will simultaneously make the first bound of the
gallop;[16] since, as a matter of instinct, a horse, on being turned
to the right, leads off with his right limbs, and to the left with his
left.

[12] "Forwards!"