psychological existence. The sentence. The cognitive, volitional,
and emotional aspects of speech. Feeling-tones of words.

III. THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE

The vast number of possible sounds. The articulating organs and
their share in the production of speech sounds: lungs, glottal
cords, nose, mouth and its parts. Vowel articulations. How and where
consonants are articulated. The phonetic habits of a language. The
"values" of sounds. Phonetic patterns.

IV. FORM IN LANGUAGE: GRAMMATICAL PROCESSES

Formal processes as distinct from grammatical functions.
Intercrossing of the two points of view. Six main types of
grammatical process. Word sequence as a method. Compounding of
radical elements. Affixing: prefixes and suffixes; infixes. Internal
vocalic change; consonantal change. Reduplication. Functional
variations of stress; of pitch.

V. FORM IN LANGUAGE: GRAMMATICAL CONCEPTS

Analysis of a typical English sentence. Types of concepts
illustrated by it. Inconsistent expression of analogous concepts.
How the same sentence may be expressed in other languages with
striking differences in the selection and grouping of concepts.
Essential and non-essential concepts. The mixing of essential
relational concepts with secondary ones of more concrete order. Form
for form's sake. Classification of linguistic concepts: basic or
concrete, derivational, concrete relational, pure relational.