wishes to marry seeks to give some public proof of his valor and
to show himself off. In Chiaramonte, in evidence of his virile
force, he bears in procession the standard of some confraternity,
a high and richly adorned standard which makes its staff bend to
a semicircle, of such enormous weight that the bearer must walk
in a painfully bent position, his head thrown back and his feet
forward. On reaching the house of his betrothed he makes proof of
his boldness and skill in wielding this extremely heavy standard
which at this moment seems a plaything in his hands, but may yet
prove fatal to him through injury to the loins or other parts.

This same tendency, which we find in so highly developed a degree
among animals and primitive human peoples, is also universal
among the children of even the most civilized human races,
although in a less organized and more confused way. It manifests
itself as "showing-off." Sanford Bell, in his study of the
emotion of love in children, finds that "showing-off" is an
essential element in the love of children in what he terms the
second stage (from the eighth to the twelfth year in girls and
the fourteenth in boys). "It constitutes one of the chief numbers
in the boy's repertory of love charms, and is not totally absent
from the girl's. It is a most common sight to see the boys taxing
their resources in devising means of exposing their own
excellencies, and often doing the most ridiculous and extravagant
things. Running, jumping, dancing, prancing, sparring, wrestling,
turning handsprings, somersaults, climbing, walking fences,
swinging, giving yodels and yells, whistling, imitating the
movements of animals, 'taking people off,' courting danger,
affecting courage are some of its common forms.... This
'showing-off' in the boy lover is the forerunner of the skilful,