_arm_, _farra_. Breaking occurs more often, however.

5. _E_ before _l_ + consonant not broken in the Ritual (see
Lindelöf).

6. _E_ before _r_ + consonant is broken and appears as either _ea_
or _eo_, cp. _eorthe_, _earthe_.

7. _A_ before _h_, _ht_, _x_ (_hs_) becomes _œæ_. Sievers §162.1.
In W.S. _a_ was broken to _œea_, cp. O. Nhb. _sax_, W.S. _seax_.
This Lindelöf explains as due to the different quality of the
_h_--in W.S. it was guttural, hence caused breaking; in Nhb. it
was palatal and hence the preceding _a_ was palatalized to _Ͼ_.

8. Nhb. umlaut of _o_ is _œœ_. In W. S. it was _e_, cp.
_dœœma_, _sœœca_, W. S. _dēman, sēcan_. See Sievers §§27
and 150.4. Bouterwek CXXVII, and Lindelöf. This difference was,
however, levelled out, Nhb. _œœ_ becoming also _e_, according to
Sievers.

9. Special Nhb. diphthongs _ei_, _ai_, cp. _heista_, _seista_,
W.S. _hiehsta_, _siexta_.

10. Influence of preceding _w_ was greater than in the South.
A diphthong whose second element was a dark vowel was simplified
generally to a dark vowel (Lindelöf), e.g., _weo_ > _wo_,
_wio_ > _wu_, cp. _weorld_ > _world_, _weord_ > _word_, etc.

11. W.S. _t_ is represented quite frequently by _ð_ or _d_,
regularly so when combined with _l_, often so when combined with