and manufacturing plants, flour mills, elevators, etc. The fact
that vast coal measures lie within 50 miles of the seaports of Puget
Sound is a very important factor in insuring the construction of
manufacturing establishments and the concentration of transportation
in these ports.

Coal is also used in all the large cities for the manufacture of
illuminating gas and as a by-product of this industry coke, coal
tar, and crude creosote are produced.

The coke from the ovens goes chiefly to the smelters for the reduction
of ores, both of the precious metals and iron.


METAL MINING.

The mining industry other than coal is quite rapidly reaching importance
among our industries. There are in the state three large smelters,
whose annual output of precious metals far surpasses in value the
output of our coal mines. The ores for these values, however, do
not all come from the mines of this state. Other states, British
Columbia, Alaska, and some foreign countries help furnish the ores.
But Washington has within its borders a great mineralized territory,
not yet thoroughly prospected and very little developed, yet which
materially assists in supplying these smelters with their ores.

[Illustration: Plate No. 17.--Ocean-Going Raft, Built at Stella,
Cowlitz County, by the Oregon Rafting Company.]

[Illustration: Plate No. 18.--COWLITZ COUNTY TIMBER. This Stick