had been noticed that when a charge of magma was put into a
centrifugal in one mass, the sugar wall on the side of the basket was
apt to form irregularly, too thick at base and of varied color. To
remedy this it was suggested to have within and concentric with the
basket a charger with flaring sides, into which the mixture was to be
put. When this charger reached a certain rotary velocity, the magma
would be hurled out over the edge by centrifugal force and evenly
distributed on the wall of the main basket.

SPINDLE.--The spindle as now made is solid cast steel, and the
considerations governing its size, form, material, etc., are identical
with those for any spindle. In order that the basket might be replaced
by another after draining, the shaft has been made telescopic, but at
the expense of stability and rigidity. In Fig. 16 is shown a device to
avoid crystallizations, which are apt to occur in large forgings, and
would prove fatal should they creep into the upper part of the spindle
proper in a hanging machine. It consists of the secondary spindle, _c_.

DISCHARGING.--The drained sugar may either be lifted over the top of
the basket (in machines which stop to be emptied), or be cast through
openings in the bottom provided with valves. A section of the best form
of valve may be seen in Figs. 15 and 17. Fig. 23 is a plan of the
openings. The valve turns on the basket bearing. It may be constructed
to open in the same direction in which the basket turns; so that when
the brake is put on, the inertia of the valve operates to open it and
while running to keep it closed. There are many other styles, but no
other need be mentioned.

[Illustration: Fig. 23.]