CASING.--The different styles of casing may be seen by reference to the
various drawings. In one machine (not described) the casing is rigidly
fixed to the basket, space enough being left between the bottom of the
basket and the bottom of the casing to hold all the molasses from a
charge. This arrangement merely adds to the bulk of the revolving
parts, and no real advantage is gained.

BEARINGS.--The various styles of bearings can be seen by reference to
the figures. One which deserves special attention is shown in Fig. 16
and Fig. 19. In one case it consists of loose disks, in the other of
loose washers, rotating on one another. They are alternately of steel
and hard bronze (copper and tin).

"There is probably no machine so little understood or so imperfectly
constructed by the common manufacturer of sugar supplies as the high
speed separator or centrifugal." Unless the product of experience and
good workmanship, it is a dangerous thing at high velocities. Besides,
its usual fate is to have an incompetent workman assigned to it, who
does not use judgment in charging and running. So that designers and
manufacturers have been forced not only to take into account the
disturbing forces inherent in revolving bodies, but also to make
allowance for poor management in running and neglect in cleaning.

CANE AND BEET MACHINES.--The first step in the process of sugar making
is the extraction of the juice from the beet or cane. This juice is
obtained by pressure. The operation is not usually, but may be,
performed in a special kind of centrifugal. One style (Pat. 239,222)
consists of a conical basket with a spiral flange within on the shaft,
and turning on the shaft, and having a slight rotary motion relative to
the basket. The material is fed in and moves downward under increased