§1. Outline of Inductive investigation 192
§2. Induction defined 196
§3. "Perfect Induction" 196
§4. Imperfect Induction methodical or immethodical 197
§5. Observation and Experiment, the material ground of
Induction, compared 198
§6. The principle of Causation is the formal ground of Induction 201
§7. The Inductive Canons are derived from the principle of
Causation, the more readily to detect it in facts observed 202


CHAPTER XVI

THE CANONS OF DIRECT INDUCTION

§1. The Canon of Agreement 206
Negative Instances (p. 208);
Plurality of Causes (p. 208)
Agreement may show connection without direct Causation (p. 209)
§2. The Canon of Agreement in Presence and in Absence 212
It tends to disprove a Plurality of Causes (p. 213)
§3. The Canon of Difference 216
May be applied to observations (p. 221)
§4. The Canon of Variations 222
How related to Agreement and Difference (p. 222);
The Graphic Method (p. 227);
Critical points (p. 230);
Progressive effects (p. 231);
Gradations (p. 231)