have led the young men of the South in battle; I have seen many of them fall
under my standard. I shall devote my life now to training young men to do
their duty in life."

The condition of honest folk was still further troubled by a general spirit of
lawlessness in many regions. Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana
recognized the "Union" state government, but the coming of peace brought legal
anarchy to the other states of the Confederacy. The Confederate state and
local governments were abolished as the armies of occupation spread over the
South, and for a period of four or six months there was no government except
that exercised by the commanders of the military garrisons left behind when
the armies marched away. Even before the surrender, the local governments were
unable to make their authority respected, and soon after the war ended, parts
of the country became infested with outlaws, pretend treasury agents, horse
thieves, cattle thieves, and deserters. Away from the military posts only
lynch law could cope with these elements of disorder.

With the aid of the army in the more settled regions, and by extra-legal means
elsewhere, the outlaws, thieves, cotton burners, and house burners were
brought somewhat under control even before the state governments were
reorganized, though the embers of lawlessness continued to smolder.

The relations between the Federal soldiers stationed in the principal towns
and the native white population were not, on the whole, so bad as might have
been expected. If the commanding officer were well disposed, there was little
danger of friction, though sometimes his troops got out of hand. The regulars
had a better reputation than the volunteers. The Confederate soldiers were
surfeited with fighting, but the "stay-at-home" element was often a cause of
trouble. The problem of social relations between the conquerors and the
conquered was troublesome. The men might get along well together, but the