left to right) 1. 'Troglodyta Bontii'; 2. 'Lucifer Aldrovandi'; 3.
'Satyrus Tulpii'; 4. 'Pygmaeus Edwardi'. The first is a bad copy of
Bontius' fictitious 'Ourang-outang,' in whose existence, however,
Linnaeus appears to have fully believed; for in the standard edition of
the 'Systema Naturae', it is enumerated as a second species of Homo;
"H. nocturnus." 'Lucifer Aldrovandi' is a copy of a figure in
Aldrovandus, 'De Quadrupedibus digitatis viviparis', Lib. 2, p. 249
(1645), entitled "Cercopithecus formae rarae 'Barbilius' vocatus et
originem a china ducebat." Hoppius is of opinion that this may be one
of that cat-tailed people, of whom Nicolaus Koping affirms that they eat
a boat's crew, "gubernator navis" and all! In the 'Systema Naturae'
Linnaeus calls it in a note, 'Homo caudatus', and seems inclined to
regard it as a third species of man. According to Temminck, 'Satyrus
Tulpii' is a copy of the figure of a Chimpanzee published by Scotin in
1738, which I have not seen. It is the 'Satyrus indicus' of the
'Systema Naturae', and is regarded by Linnaeus as possibly a distinct
species from 'Satyrus sylvestris'. The last, named 'Pygmaeus Edwardi',
is copied from the figure of a young "Man of the Woods," or true
Orang-Utan, given in Edwards' 'Gleanings of Natural History' (1758).

Buffon was more fortunate than his great rival. Not only had he the
rare opportunity of examining a young Chimpanzee in the living state,
but he became possessed of an adult Asiatic man-like Ape--the first and
the last adult specimen of any of these animals brought to Europe for
many years. With the valuable assistance of Daubenton, Buffon gave an
excellent description of this creature, which, from its singular
proportions, he termed the long-armed Ape, or Gibbon. It is the modern
'Hylobates lar'.

Thus when, in 1766, Buffon wrote the fourteenth volume of his great