SOME DEGREE as real good-will in man towards man. It is sufficient
that the seeds of it be implanted in our nature by God. There is,
it is owned, much left for us to do upon our own heart and temper;
to cultivate, to improve, to call it forth, to exercise it in a
steady, uniform manner. This is our work: this is virtue and
religion.

{2a} Hobbes, "Of Human Nature," c. ix. 7.

{3} Everybody makes a distinction between self-love and the several
particular passions, appetites, and affections; and yet they are
often confounded again. That they are totally different, will be
seen by any one who will distinguish between the passions and
appetites THEMSELVES, and ENDEAVOURING after the means of their
gratification. Consider the appetite of hunger, and the desire of
esteem: these being the occasion both of pleasure and pain, the
coolest self-love, as well as the appetites and passions themselves,
may put us upon making use of the PROPER METHODS OF OBTAINING that
pleasure, and avoiding that pain; but the FEELINGS themselves, the
pain of hunger and shame, and the delight from esteem, are no more
self-love than they are anything in the world. Though a man hated
himself, he would as much feel the pain of hunger as he would that
of the gout; and it is plainly supposable there may be creatures
with self-love in them to the highest degree, who may be quite
insensible and indifferent (as men in some cases are) to the
contempt and esteem of those upon whom their happiness does not in
some further respects depend. And as self-love and the several
particular passions and appetites are in themselves totally
different, so that some actions proceed from one and some from the
other will be manifest to any who will observe the two following