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Human Nature and Other Sermons by Joseph Butler
page 82 of 152 (53%)
and particular affections, and their respective pursuits.

These inquiries, it is hoped, may be favourably attended to; for
there shall be all possible concessions made to the favourite
passion, which hath so much allowed to it, and whose cause is so
universally pleaded: it shall be treated with the utmost tenderness
and concern for its interests.

In order to do this, as well as to determine the forementioned
questions, it will be necessary to consider the nature, the object,
and end of that self-love, as distinguished from other principles or
affections in the mind, and their respective objects.

Every man hath a general desire of his own happiness; and likewise a
variety of particular affections, passions, and appetites to
particular external objects. The former proceeds from, or is, self-
love; and seems inseparable from all sensible creatures, who can
reflect upon themselves and their own interest or happiness so as to
have that interest an object to their minds; what is to be said of
the latter is, that they proceed from or together make up that
particular nature, according to which man is made. The object the
former pursues is somewhat internal--our own happiness, enjoyment,
satisfaction; whether we have, or have not, a distinct particular
perception what it is, or wherein it consists: the objects of the
latter are this or that particular external thing, which the
affections tend towards, and of which it hath always a particular
idea or perception. The principle we call self-love never seeks
anything external for the sake of the thing, but only as a means of
happiness or good: particular affections rest in the external
things themselves. One belongs to man as a reasonable creature
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