(a)--There is an inability to release a word; in others,
(b)--A tendency to repeat a syllable several times before
the following syllable can be uttered; in others,
(c)--The tendency to substitute an incorrect sound for the
correct one; while in others,
(d)--The utterance is defective merely in the imperfect
enunciation of sounds and syllables due to some organic
defect, or to carelessness in learning to speak.

While this volume has but little to do with speech disorders other
than stammering and stuttering, the characteristics of the more
common forms of speech impediment--lisping, cluttering and
hesitation, as well as stuttering and stammering--will be
discussed in this first chapter, in order that the reader may be
able, in a general way at least, to differentiate between the
various disorders.

LISPING

This is a very common form of speech disorder and one which
manifests itself early in the life of the child. Lisping may be
divided into three forms:

(1)--Negligent Lisping
(2)--Neurotic Lisping
(3)--Organic Lisping

NEGLIGENT LISPING: This is a form of defective enunciation caused
in most cases by parental neglect or the carelessness of the child
himself in the pronunciation of words during the first few months