and which should be duly fostered in time of peace, it would contribute
essentially, both as an auxiliary of defense and as a powerful engine
of annoyance, to diminish the calamities of war and to bring the war to
a speedy and honorable termination.

But it ought always to be held prominently in view that the safety of
these States and of everything dear to a free people must depend in an
eminent degree on the militia. Invasions may be made too formidable to
be resisted by any land and naval force which it would comport either
with the principles of our Government or the circumstances of the
United States to maintain. In such cases recourse must be had to the
great body of the people, and in a manner to produce the best effect.
It is of the highest importance, therefore, that they be so organized
and trained as to be prepared for any emergency. The arrangement should
be such as to put at the command of the Government the ardent
patriotism and youthful vigor of the country. If formed on equal and
just principles, it can not be oppressive. It is the crisis which makes
the pressure, and not the laws which provide a remedy for it. This
arrangement should be formed, too, in time of peace, to be the better
prepared for war. With such an organization of such a people the United
States have nothing to dread from foreign invasion. At its approach an
overwhelming force of gallant men might always be put in motion.

Other interests of high importance will claim attention, among which
the improvement of our country by roads and canals, proceeding always
with a constitutional sanction, holds a distinguished place. By thus
facilitating the intercourse between the States we shall add much to
the convenience and comfort of our fellow-citizens, much to the
ornament of the country, and, what is of greater importance, we shall
shorten distances, and, by making each part more accessible to and