provide for just as much top as before.

In many books on fruit-culture much space has been given to dwarf
pears, apples, and cherries, and trees of this character were
planted much more largely some years ago than they are at present.
The pear is dwarfed by grafting it on the quince; the apple can be
limited to a mere garden fruit-tree in size by being grown on a
Doucin stock, or even reduced to the size of a bush if compelled
to draw its life through the roots of the Paradise. These two
named stocks, much employed by European nurserymen, are distinct
species of apples, and reproduce themselves without variation from
the seed. The cherry is dwarfed by being worked on the Mahaleb--a
small, handsome tree, with glossy, deep-green foliage, much
cultivated abroad as an ornament of lawns. Except in the hands of
practiced gardeners, trees thus dwarfed are seldom satisfactory,
for much skill and care are required in their cultivation. Their
chief advantages consist in the fact that they bear early and take
but little space. Therefore they may be considered worthy of
attention by the purchasers of small places. Those who are
disposed to make pets of their trees and to indulge in
horticultural experiments may derive much pleasure from these
dwarfs, for they can be developed into symmetrical pyramids or
graceful, fruitful shrubs within the limits of a garden border.

When the seeds of ordinary apples and pears are sown they produce
seedlings, or free stocks, and upon these are budded or grafted
the fine varieties which compose our orchards. They are known as
standard trees; they come into bearing more slowly, and eventually
attain the normal size familiar to us all. Standard cherries are
worked on seedlings of the Mazzard, which Barry describes as a