instruments, more or less perfect, whereby such relations and
modifications may be expressed. But these subsidiary aids to
expression do not form a notion which can either have something
asserted of it or be asserted itself of something else.

68. Hence words are divided into three classes--

(1) Categorematic;

(2) Syncategorematic;

(3) Acategorematic.

69. A Categorematic word is one which can be used by itself as a
term.

70. A Syncategorematic word is one which can help to form a term.

71. An Acategorematic word is one which can neither form, nor help
to form, a term [Footnote: Comparatively few of the parts of speech
are categorematic. Nouns, whether substantive or adjective, including
of course pronouns and participles, are so, but only in their
nominative cases, except when an oblique case is so used as to be
equivalent to an attributive. Verbs also are categorematic, but only
in three of their moods, the Indicative, the Infinitive, and the
Potential. The Imperative and Optative moods clearly do not convey
assertions at all, while the Subjunctive can only figure as a
subordinate member of some assertion. We may notice, too, that the
relative pronoun, unlike the rest, is necessarily syncategorematic,
for the same reason as the subjunctive mood. Of the remaining parts of