specifying whether it is finished, still in progress, or yet begun.]

Compound tenses occur less often in Esperanto than in English, and an
aoristic Esperanto tense may often be translated by an English compound
tense, as "La birdoj flugas", the birds are flying. When used to
form a compound tense, the verb "esti" is called the "auxiliary verb".
No other verb is ever used as an auxiliary (a simpler method than in
English, which uses "be", "have", "do", "will", "shall", "would", etc.).


THE PROGRESSIVE PRESENT TENSE.

110. The compound tense formed by using the present active participle
with the present tense of "esti" is called the "progressive present
tense". It differs from the aoristic present by expressing an action
as definitely in progress, or a condition as continuously existing, at
the moment of speaking. The conjugation of "vidi" in this tense is as
follows:

mi estas vidanta, I am seeing.
vi estas vidanta, you are seeing.
li (sxi, gxi) estas vidanta, he (she, it) is seeing.
ni estas vidantaj, we are seeing.
vi estas vidantaj, you (plural) are seeing.
ili estas vidantaj, they are seeing.


THE SUFFIX "-EJ-".

111. Words expressing the place where the action indicated by the root