_The symptoms_ are usually marked. The inflammation is characterized by
more or less pain, depending on the degree of the inflammation, and
frequent passing of urine. Only a small amount of urine is passed at each
attempt, and in severe inflammation it may contain pus or blood. Colicky
pains sometimes occur. The pain is usually manifested by a stiff,
straddling gait and tenderness when pressure on the bladder is made by
introducing the hand into the rectum or vagina, and pressing over the
region of the bladder. General symptoms, such as elevation in body
temperature and irregular appetite, may be manifested.

_The treatment_ should be first directed at removing the cause. If a cystic
calculus is present in the bladder it should be removed. If the retention
of the urine is caused by some local condition, and this is very often the
case in nervous, well-bred animals, this must first be corrected. It is
best to feed green and soft feeds, such as bran mash and chopped hay, and,
if the animal will take them, gruels. A physic of castor or linseed oil
should be given occasionally. It is very necessary that the animal be kept
quiet. Comfortable, clean quarters and a good bed should be provided.
Whenever necessary the animal should be blanketed. The medicinal treatment
consists in irrigating the bladder with antiseptic solutions, and
administering drugs that when eliminated by way of the urine may change its
composition and render it less irritating. The following mixture may be
given: potassium chlorate two ounces, salol one-half ounce, and powdered
nux vomica one ounce. This mixture may be divided into sixteen powders. One
of the powders should be given with each feed.

RETENTION OF THE URINE.--This may be due to a variety of _causes_. In the
ox and ram, small calculi collect in the S-shaped curvature of the urethra,
or at its terminal extremity. In the horse, cystic calculi are more common